安装或升级 composer :
Composer 是 PHP 用来管理依赖（dependency）关系的工具。
2020年10月24日已经发布了 Composer 2.0 版本。Composer 2.0 内部重构了依赖更新的方式，性能有了很大的提示，推荐升级。
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| $ composer self-update
Upgrading to version 2.1.3 (stable channel).
Use composer self-update --rollback to return to version 2.0.3
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查看升级后的版本：
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| composer --version
Composer version 2.1.3 2021-06-09 16:31:20
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通过 composer 安装 Laravel:
要创建基于Composer的新项目，可以使用create-project命令。格式如下：
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| # 创建一个目录为 ExampleAppName 的项目
$ composer create-project laravel/laravel ExampleAppName
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在这里，我们创建一个名为 Laravel 的项目：
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| $ composer create-project laravel/laravel Laravel
Creating a "laravel/laravel" project at "./Laravel"
Installing laravel/laravel (v8.5.20)
- Downloading laravel/laravel (v8.5.20)
- Installing laravel/laravel (v8.5.20): Extracting archive
Created project in /Users/wangtom/Code/Laravel
> @php -r "file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');"
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies
Lock file operations: 104 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
(。。。略。。。)
- Installing phpspec/prophecy (1.13.0): Extracting archive
- Installing phar-io/version (3.1.0): Extracting archive
- Installing phar-io/manifest (2.0.1): Extracting archive
- Installing myclabs/deep-copy (1.10.2): Extracting archive
- Installing phpunit/phpunit (9.5.5): Extracting archive
61 package suggestions were added by new dependencies, use `composer suggest` to see details.
Generating optimized autoload files
> Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump
> @php artisan package:discover --ansi
Discovered Package: facade/ignition
Discovered Package: fideloper/proxy
Discovered Package: fruitcake/laravel-cors
Discovered Package: laravel/sail
Discovered Package: laravel/tinker
Discovered Package: nesbot/carbon
Discovered Package: nunomaduro/collision
Package manifest generated successfully.
74 packages you are using are looking for funding.
Use the `composer fund` command to find out more!
> @php artisan key:generate --ansi
Application key set successfully.
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查看生成的 Laravel 目录结构
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| $ cd Laravel
$ ls -al .
total 632
drwxr-xr-x 26 wangtom staff 832 6 16 18:31 .
drwxr-xr-x 60 wangtom staff 1920 6 16 18:26 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 220 6 15 23:48 .editorconfig
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 920 6 16 18:31 .env
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 869 6 15 23:48 .env.example
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 111 6 15 23:48 .gitattributes
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 207 6 15 23:48 .gitignore
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 181 6 15 23:48 .styleci.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 3810 6 15 23:48 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 7 wangtom staff 224 6 15 23:48 app
-rwxr-xr-x 1 wangtom staff 1686 6 15 23:48 artisan
drwxr-xr-x 4 wangtom staff 128 6 15 23:48 bootstrap
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 1624 6 15 23:48 composer.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 268017 6 16 18:31 composer.lock
drwxr-xr-x 16 wangtom staff 512 6 15 23:48 config
drwxr-xr-x 6 wangtom staff 192 6 15 23:48 database
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 473 6 15 23:48 package.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 1202 6 15 23:48 phpunit.xml
drwxr-xr-x 7 wangtom staff 224 6 15 23:48 public
drwxr-xr-x 6 wangtom staff 192 6 15 23:48 resources
drwxr-xr-x 6 wangtom staff 192 6 15 23:48 routes
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 563 6 15 23:48 server.php
drwxr-xr-x 5 wangtom staff 160 6 15 23:48 storage
drwxr-xr-x 6 wangtom staff 192 6 15 23:48 tests
drwxr-xr-x 44 wangtom staff 1408 6 16 18:31 vendor
-rw-r--r-- 1 wangtom staff 559 6 15 23:48 webpack.mix.js
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使用 Laravel 内置命令启动服务：
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| $ php artisan serve
Starting Laravel development server: http://127.0.0.1:8000
[Wed Jun 16 18:43:45 2021] PHP 8.0.3 Development Server (http://127.0.0.1:8000) started
[Wed Jun 16 18:43:52 2021] 127.0.0.1:57783 Accepted
[Wed Jun 16 18:43:52 2021] 127.0.0.1:57784 Accepted
[Wed Jun 16 18:43:53 2021] 127.0.0.1:57783 Closing
[Wed Jun 16 18:43:53 2021] 127.0.0.1:57784 [200]: GET /favicon.ico
[Wed Jun 16 18:43:53 2021] 127.0.0.1:57784 Closing
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打开浏览器，访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/ 即可以看到结果。
